{
 "metadata": {
  "title": "Solar irradiance and PV output reference data for 20 Australian cities",
  "date_checked": "2026-10-27",
  "units": {
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": "kWh per square metre per day on a horizontal plane, converted from BoM MJ/m2 by dividing by 3.6",
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": "kWh per square metre per day, day-weighted mean of the twelve monthly values",
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": "kWh of AC output per kW of installed DC panel capacity per year",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": "kWh per month for a 6.6 kW array"
  },
  "bom_source_note": "Bureau of Meteorology 'Climate statistics for Australian locations', 'All available' statistics view (cw_<station>_All.shtml), row 'Mean daily solar exposure (MJ/m2)'. The canonical www.bom.gov.au host returned HTTP 403 to automated requests on the date checked, so the identical pages were fetched from the Bureau's own mirror host reg.bom.gov.au. Both URLs are recorded. BoM solar exposure statistics are satellite-derived and the years of record and period are recorded per station as printed on the page.",
  "pv_yield_source_note": "Clean Energy Council 'Consumer guide to buying household solar panels (photovoltaic panels)', Volume 21, 19 December 2012, page 4, table 'Average daily production', 1 kW system column, data source stated in the guide as 'PV-GC spreadsheet based on the CEC GC Design Guidelines'. Fetched as a PDF hosted by Nillumbik Shire Council. The same per-city figures are reproduced with CEC attribution on solarcalculator.com.au (fetched on the date checked, page copyright 2026). The Clean Energy Council website on the date checked no longer hosts a household guide with this table; its consumer guides link now points to newenergytech.org.au, whose 2026 'Installing solar' guide was not checked for a city table. The CEC figures are daily averages per kW over a year for a well-oriented system and already include the CEC design-guideline deratings; no separate performance ratio is applied to them.",
  "proxy_yield_method": "For cities not listed in the CEC table, yield = (BoM annual mean daily exposure for the city's station) x (implied ratio for the nearest CEC-listed capital), where implied ratio = CEC daily kWh per kW for that capital divided by the BoM annual mean daily exposure (kWh/m2) at that capital's station. The ratio is a performance ratio expressed against horizontal global exposure, so it folds in tilt gain and system losses together; it is an approximation and is flagged per city.",
  "monthly_profile_method": "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh[m] = 6.6 x pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year x (exposure[m] x days[m]) / sum over months of (exposure x days). Values rounded to the nearest kWh; the twelve values sum to 6.6 x annual yield within rounding. This apportions annual output by the share of horizontal exposure in each month and ignores seasonal differences in tilt gain and temperature losses."
 },
 "degradation_assumption": {
  "value": 0.005,
  "note": "0.5% per year linear, typical manufacturer warranty figure. Sourced from the Hanwha Q CELLS Australia Pty Ltd limited warranty for Q.PEAK DUO G9 to G11 series modules (document issued 1 June 2022, reference Warranty_terms_modules_Q.PEAK_DUO_G9-G11_series_2022-06_Rev01_AU), which states: 'At least 98% of the nominal power within the first year. Thereafter, decrease of the power output will not exceed 0.5% p.a. Minimal nominal rated power after 25 years at least 86%.' The same 0.5% p.a. wording appears in the Q.PEAK DUO G9+/G10+ Australian warranty valid from 1 June 2021. Note that newer n-type modules warrant lower rates: JinkoSolar Tiger Neo page states first year degradation of 1% or less and linear degradation of -0.4% over a 30 year linear power warranty; Trina Solar's Australian newsroom (4 April 2023) states Vertex S+ degradation of 1% in the first year and 0.4% annually with a 30 year power warranty. The 0.5% figure is therefore a conservative, warranty-backed assumption. This file applies 0.5% from year one as a simple linear series and does not model the separate first-year step in the warranty documents.",
  "source_urls": [
   "https://solarproof.com.au//warranty_documents/panel_warranty__Qcells_warranty.pdf",
   "https://solarproof.com.au//warranty_documents/panel_warranty_Q_CELLS_Warranty-Document-_-Q.PEAK-G10.pdf",
   "https://www.jinkosolar.com/en/site/tigerneo",
   "https://www.trinasolar.com/au/resources/newsroom/autrina-solar-vertex-s-440wp-n-type-dual-glass-modules-arrive-australia/"
  ],
  "source_host_note": "The Qcells Australian warranty PDFs were fetched from copies hosted by solarproof.com.au; the documents themselves are issued by Hanwha Q CELLS Australia Pty Ltd. An official qcells.com host for the same PDF was not located on the date checked.",
  "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
 },
 "lifetime_generation_method": {
  "formula": "lifetime_kwh_per_kw = sum over year = 1 to 25 of pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year x (1 - 0.005)^(year - 1)",
  "closed_form": "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year x (1 - 0.995^25) / 0.005",
  "degradation_factor_25yr": 23.556,
  "note": "The factor 23.556 is the sum of the 25 degradation multipliers; multiply any annual yield by it for 25 year output per kW. For a 6.6 kW array multiply the per kW figure by 6.6. Per city values are in cities.<city>.lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw.",
  "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw_by_city": {
   "Sydney": 33532,
   "Melbourne": 30953,
   "Brisbane": 36111,
   "Perth": 37831,
   "Adelaide": 36111,
   "Canberra": 36971,
   "Hobart": 30093,
   "Darwin": 37831,
   "Gold Coast": 36461,
   "Sunshine Coast": 37008,
   "Newcastle": 35052,
   "Wollongong": 31949,
   "Geelong": 30551,
   "Central Coast (Gosford)": 32831,
   "Ballarat": 32042,
   "Bendigo": 34783,
   "Cairns": 36111,
   "Townsville": 38501,
   "Toowoomba": 37477,
   "Launceston": 33863
  }
 },
 "cities": {
  "Sydney": {
   "state": "NSW",
   "station": {
    "name": "SYDNEY (OBSERVATORY HILL)",
    "number": "066062",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    22.5,
    19.9,
    16.6,
    13.5,
    10.3,
    8.7,
    9.9,
    13.0,
    16.9,
    19.8,
    21.6,
    23.1
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 16.3,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.25,
    5.53,
    4.61,
    3.75,
    2.86,
    2.42,
    2.75,
    3.61,
    4.69,
    5.5,
    6.0,
    6.42
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.53,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1424,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.9,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 3.9 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1101,
    880,
    813,
    640,
    504,
    412,
    485,
    636,
    801,
    969,
    1023,
    1131
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 9395,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 33532,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Melbourne": {
   "state": "VIC",
   "station": {
    "name": "MELBOURNE (OLYMPIC PARK)",
    "number": "086338",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    24.3,
    21.1,
    16.3,
    11.2,
    7.8,
    6.4,
    7.1,
    9.9,
    13.5,
    17.9,
    21.3,
    24.1
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 15.1,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.75,
    5.86,
    4.53,
    3.11,
    2.17,
    1.78,
    1.97,
    2.75,
    3.75,
    4.97,
    5.92,
    6.69
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.18,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1314,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.6,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 3.6 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1189,
    933,
    798,
    531,
    382,
    303,
    348,
    485,
    640,
    876,
    1009,
    1180
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 8672,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 30953,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Brisbane": {
   "state": "QLD",
   "station": {
    "name": "BRISBANE",
    "number": "040913",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    23.4,
    21.2,
    18.5,
    16.3,
    13.3,
    11.9,
    13.1,
    16.0,
    19.4,
    21.4,
    23.5,
    24.0
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 18.5,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.5,
    5.89,
    5.14,
    4.53,
    3.69,
    3.31,
    3.64,
    4.44,
    5.39,
    5.94,
    6.53,
    6.67
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.13,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1533,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.2,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 4.2 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1088,
    890,
    860,
    733,
    618,
    535,
    609,
    744,
    873,
    995,
    1057,
    1116
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10118,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 36111,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Perth": {
   "state": "WA",
   "station": {
    "name": "PERTH METRO",
    "number": "009225",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009225_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009225_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    29.1,
    25.7,
    20.6,
    15.2,
    11.4,
    9.5,
    10.2,
    13.1,
    17.2,
    22.6,
    26.8,
    29.9
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 19.3,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    8.08,
    7.14,
    5.72,
    4.22,
    3.17,
    2.64,
    2.83,
    3.64,
    4.78,
    6.28,
    7.44,
    8.31
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.35,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1606,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.4,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 4.4 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1361,
    1086,
    964,
    688,
    533,
    430,
    477,
    613,
    779,
    1057,
    1213,
    1399
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10600,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 37831,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009225_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_009225_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Adelaide": {
   "state": "SA",
   "station": {
    "name": "ADELAIDE (WEST TERRACE / NGAYIRDAPIRA)",
    "number": "023000",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023000_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023000_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    27.2,
    24.0,
    18.9,
    13.3,
    9.4,
    7.7,
    8.4,
    11.4,
    15.6,
    20.4,
    24.3,
    26.7
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 17.3,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    7.56,
    6.67,
    5.25,
    3.69,
    2.61,
    2.14,
    2.33,
    3.17,
    4.33,
    5.67,
    6.75,
    7.42
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.79,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1533,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.2,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 4.2 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1356,
    1080,
    942,
    641,
    468,
    371,
    419,
    568,
    752,
    1017,
    1172,
    1331
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10118,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 36111,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023000_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_023000_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Canberra": {
   "state": "ACT",
   "station": {
    "name": "CANBERRA AIRPORT",
    "number": "070351",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070351_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070351_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 20,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2007-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    24.6,
    21.2,
    17.2,
    13.3,
    10.2,
    8.2,
    9.4,
    12.2,
    16.7,
    20.4,
    23.0,
    25.3
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 16.8,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.83,
    5.89,
    4.78,
    3.69,
    2.83,
    2.28,
    2.61,
    3.39,
    4.64,
    5.67,
    6.39,
    7.03
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.66,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1570,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.3,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 4.3 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1289,
    1003,
    901,
    674,
    535,
    416,
    493,
    639,
    847,
    1069,
    1166,
    1326
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10359,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 36971,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070351_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_070351_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Hobart": {
   "state": "TAS",
   "station": {
    "name": "HOBART (ELLERSLIE ROAD)",
    "number": "094029",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 20,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2007-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    22.6,
    18.4,
    13.2,
    9.1,
    6.1,
    4.9,
    5.7,
    8.3,
    12.4,
    16.8,
    19.8,
    22.8
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 13.3,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.28,
    5.11,
    3.67,
    2.53,
    1.69,
    1.36,
    1.58,
    2.31,
    3.44,
    4.67,
    5.5,
    6.33
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 3.7,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1278,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.5,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 3.5 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1215,
    893,
    710,
    473,
    328,
    255,
    306,
    446,
    645,
    903,
    1030,
    1226
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 8432,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 30093,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Darwin": {
   "state": "NT",
   "station": {
    "name": "DARWIN AIRPORT",
    "number": "014015",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_014015_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_014015_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    18.9,
    19.6,
    21.1,
    21.9,
    20.7,
    19.8,
    20.6,
    22.7,
    23.9,
    24.4,
    23.0,
    20.5
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 21.4,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    5.25,
    5.44,
    5.86,
    6.08,
    5.75,
    5.5,
    5.72,
    6.31,
    6.64,
    6.78,
    6.39,
    5.69
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.95,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1606,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.4,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 4.4 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    794,
    744,
    886,
    890,
    869,
    805,
    865,
    953,
    972,
    1025,
    935,
    861
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10600,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 37831,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_014015_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_014015_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Gold Coast": {
   "state": "QLD",
   "station": {
    "name": "GOLD COAST SEAWAY",
    "number": "040764",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040764_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040764_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 20,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2007-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    24.0,
    22.1,
    18.5,
    16.4,
    13.3,
    11.7,
    12.9,
    16.0,
    19.3,
    22.0,
    23.8,
    24.2
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 18.7,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.67,
    6.14,
    5.14,
    4.56,
    3.69,
    3.25,
    3.58,
    4.44,
    5.36,
    6.11,
    6.61,
    6.72
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.18,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1548,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.24,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Brisbane",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.818,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 5.18 kWh/m2/day x 0.818 (implied ratio for Brisbane: CEC 4.2 kWh/kW/day divided by Brisbane station BoM annual mean 5.13 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1116,
    928,
    860,
    738,
    618,
    526,
    600,
    744,
    868,
    1023,
    1071,
    1125
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10216,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 36461,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040764_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040764_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Sunshine Coast": {
   "state": "QLD",
   "station": {
    "name": "SUNSHINE COAST AIRPORT",
    "number": "040861",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040861_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040861_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    24.1,
    21.6,
    19.1,
    16.6,
    13.4,
    12.0,
    13.3,
    16.4,
    20.0,
    22.1,
    24.3,
    24.6
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 19.0,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.69,
    6.0,
    5.31,
    4.61,
    3.72,
    3.33,
    3.69,
    4.56,
    5.56,
    6.14,
    6.75,
    6.83
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.26,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1571,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.3,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Brisbane",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.818,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 5.26 kWh/m2/day x 0.818 (implied ratio for Brisbane: CEC 4.2 kWh/kW/day divided by Brisbane station BoM annual mean 5.13 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1120,
    907,
    888,
    747,
    623,
    540,
    618,
    762,
    900,
    1027,
    1093,
    1144
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10369,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 37008,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040861_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040861_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Newcastle": {
   "state": "NSW",
   "station": {
    "name": "NEWCASTLE NOBBYS SIGNAL STATION AWS",
    "number": "061055",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061055_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061055_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    23.8,
    21.2,
    17.9,
    14.2,
    10.6,
    9.0,
    10.1,
    13.6,
    17.4,
    20.4,
    22.4,
    24.1
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 17.1,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.61,
    5.89,
    4.97,
    3.94,
    2.94,
    2.5,
    2.81,
    3.78,
    4.83,
    5.67,
    6.22,
    6.69
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.73,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1488,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.08,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Sydney",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.861,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.73 kWh/m2/day x 0.861 (implied ratio for Sydney: CEC 3.9 kWh/kW/day divided by Sydney station BoM annual mean 4.53 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1165,
    937,
    876,
    673,
    519,
    426,
    494,
    666,
    824,
    999,
    1061,
    1180
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 9821,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 35052,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061055_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061055_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Wollongong": {
   "state": "NSW",
   "station": {
    "name": "BELLAMBI AWS",
    "number": "068228",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_068228_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_068228_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 20,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2007-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    21.3,
    18.2,
    15.0,
    12.9,
    10.4,
    8.5,
    9.9,
    12.6,
    16.5,
    19.1,
    20.4,
    21.7
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 15.5,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    5.92,
    5.06,
    4.17,
    3.58,
    2.89,
    2.36,
    2.75,
    3.5,
    4.58,
    5.31,
    5.67,
    6.03
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.31,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1356,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.72,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Sydney",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.861,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.31 kWh/m2/day x 0.861 (implied ratio for Sydney: CEC 3.9 kWh/kW/day divided by Sydney station BoM annual mean 4.53 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1043,
    805,
    734,
    611,
    509,
    403,
    485,
    617,
    782,
    935,
    966,
    1062
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 8952,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 31949,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_068228_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_068228_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Geelong": {
   "state": "VIC",
   "station": {
    "name": "BREAKWATER (GEELONG RACECOURSE)",
    "number": "087184",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087184_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087184_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 20,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2007-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    24.1,
    20.3,
    15.4,
    10.7,
    7.9,
    6.6,
    7.4,
    10.0,
    13.9,
    17.8,
    20.5,
    23.9
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 14.9,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.69,
    5.64,
    4.28,
    2.97,
    2.19,
    1.83,
    2.06,
    2.78,
    3.86,
    4.94,
    5.69,
    6.64
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.13,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1297,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.55,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Melbourne",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.861,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.13 kWh/m2/day x 0.861 (implied ratio for Melbourne: CEC 3.6 kWh/kW/day divided by Melbourne station BoM annual mean 4.18 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1180,
    898,
    754,
    507,
    387,
    313,
    362,
    490,
    658,
    871,
    971,
    1170
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 8560,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 30551,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087184_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_087184_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Central Coast (Gosford)": {
   "state": "NSW",
   "station": {
    "name": "GOSFORD AWS",
    "number": "061425",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061425_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061425_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 16,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2010-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    21.2,
    19.2,
    15.4,
    13.3,
    10.7,
    9.0,
    10.4,
    12.9,
    16.8,
    19.5,
    21.0,
    22.3
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 16.0,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    5.89,
    5.33,
    4.28,
    3.69,
    2.97,
    2.5,
    2.89,
    3.58,
    4.67,
    5.42,
    5.83,
    6.19
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.43,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1394,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.82,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Sydney",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.861,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.43 kWh/m2/day x 0.861 (implied ratio for Sydney: CEC 3.9 kWh/kW/day divided by Sydney station BoM annual mean 4.53 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1038,
    849,
    754,
    630,
    524,
    426,
    509,
    632,
    796,
    955,
    995,
    1092
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 9199,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 32831,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061425_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_061425_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_066062_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Ballarat": {
   "state": "VIC",
   "station": {
    "name": "BALLARAT AERODROME",
    "number": "089002",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    25.4,
    22.3,
    17.3,
    11.6,
    8.0,
    6.2,
    6.9,
    10.1,
    13.9,
    18.4,
    22.1,
    25.1
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 15.6,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    7.06,
    6.19,
    4.81,
    3.22,
    2.22,
    1.72,
    1.92,
    2.81,
    3.86,
    5.11,
    6.14,
    6.97
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.33,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1360,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.73,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Melbourne",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.861,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.33 kWh/m2/day x 0.861 (implied ratio for Melbourne: CEC 3.6 kWh/kW/day divided by Melbourne station BoM annual mean 4.18 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1243,
    986,
    847,
    550,
    392,
    294,
    338,
    494,
    658,
    901,
    1047,
    1229
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 8978,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 32042,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_089002_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Bendigo": {
   "state": "VIC",
   "station": {
    "name": "BENDIGO AIRPORT",
    "number": "081123",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_081123_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_081123_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    26.9,
    23.8,
    18.9,
    13.1,
    9.0,
    6.9,
    7.6,
    10.9,
    15.1,
    20.2,
    24.0,
    26.9
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 16.9,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    7.47,
    6.61,
    5.25,
    3.64,
    2.5,
    1.92,
    2.11,
    3.03,
    4.19,
    5.61,
    6.67,
    7.47
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.7,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1477,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.05,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Melbourne",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.861,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.70 kWh/m2/day x 0.861 (implied ratio for Melbourne: CEC 3.6 kWh/kW/day divided by Melbourne station BoM annual mean 4.18 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1317,
    1052,
    925,
    621,
    441,
    327,
    372,
    534,
    715,
    989,
    1137,
    1317
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 9746,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 34783,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_081123_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_081123_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_086338_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Cairns": {
   "state": "QLD",
   "station": {
    "name": "CAIRNS AERO",
    "number": "031011",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_031011_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_031011_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 20,
    "solar_exposure_period": "2007-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    20.9,
    20.6,
    19.7,
    18.5,
    16.6,
    15.4,
    16.4,
    18.8,
    21.3,
    23.1,
    23.5,
    22.8
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 19.8,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    5.81,
    5.72,
    5.47,
    5.14,
    4.61,
    4.28,
    4.56,
    5.22,
    5.92,
    6.42,
    6.53,
    6.33
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.5,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1533,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.2,
   "pv_yield_basis": "cec_table",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": null,
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": null,
   "pv_yield_note": "Clean Energy Council consumer guide table, 4.2 kWh per kW per day x 365 days. Guide figure is an annual average daily output per kW already derated per the CEC design guidelines.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    907,
    808,
    855,
    777,
    721,
    647,
    712,
    816,
    895,
    1003,
    987,
    990
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10118,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 36111,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_031011_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_031011_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Townsville": {
   "state": "QLD",
   "station": {
    "name": "TOWNSVILLE AERO",
    "number": "032040",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_032040_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_032040_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    23.5,
    21.9,
    21.3,
    19.3,
    16.6,
    15.5,
    16.7,
    19.5,
    22.9,
    25.1,
    25.7,
    25.3
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 21.1,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.53,
    6.08,
    5.92,
    5.36,
    4.61,
    4.31,
    4.64,
    5.42,
    6.36,
    6.97,
    7.14,
    7.03
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.86,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1634,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.48,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Cairns",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.764,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 5.86 kWh/m2/day x 0.764 (implied ratio for Cairns: CEC 4.2 kWh/kW/day divided by Cairns station BoM annual mean 5.50 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1020,
    859,
    925,
    811,
    721,
    651,
    725,
    847,
    962,
    1090,
    1080,
    1098
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10787,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 38501,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_032040_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_032040_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_031011_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Toowoomba": {
   "state": "QLD",
   "station": {
    "name": "TOOWOOMBA AIRPORT",
    "number": "041529",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_041529_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_041529_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    24.9,
    22.2,
    19.7,
    17.0,
    13.6,
    11.9,
    12.9,
    16.2,
    19.8,
    22.4,
    24.6,
    25.2
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 19.2,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.92,
    6.17,
    5.47,
    4.72,
    3.78,
    3.31,
    3.58,
    4.5,
    5.5,
    6.22,
    6.83,
    7.0
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 5.33,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1591,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 4.36,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Brisbane",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.818,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 5.33 kWh/m2/day x 0.818 (implied ratio for Brisbane: CEC 4.2 kWh/kW/day divided by Brisbane station BoM annual mean 5.13 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1157,
    932,
    916,
    765,
    632,
    535,
    600,
    753,
    891,
    1041,
    1107,
    1171
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 10500,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 37477,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_041529_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_041529_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_040913_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  },
  "Launceston": {
   "state": "TAS",
   "station": {
    "name": "LAUNCESTON (TI TREE BEND)",
    "number": "091237",
    "bom_url": "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml",
    "fetched_from": "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml",
    "solar_exposure_years_of_record": 37,
    "solar_exposure_period": "1990-2026",
    "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
   },
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_mj_m2_as_published": [
    25.1,
    21.2,
    16.2,
    10.6,
    7.1,
    5.4,
    6.1,
    8.9,
    13.3,
    18.5,
    22.5,
    25.3
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_mj_m2_as_published": 15.0,
   "monthly_mean_daily_global_solar_exposure_kwh_m2": [
    6.97,
    5.89,
    4.5,
    2.94,
    1.97,
    1.5,
    1.69,
    2.47,
    3.69,
    5.14,
    6.25,
    7.03
   ],
   "annual_mean_daily_kwh_m2": 4.16,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_year": 1438,
   "pv_yield_kwh_per_kw_per_day": 3.94,
   "pv_yield_basis": "bom_derived_with_implied_ratio",
   "pv_yield_proxy_city": "Hobart",
   "pv_yield_implied_ratio": 0.946,
   "pv_yield_note": "Not in the CEC table. Derived from BoM exposure: 4.16 kWh/m2/day x 0.946 (implied ratio for Hobart: CEC 3.5 kWh/kW/day divided by Hobart station BoM annual mean 3.70 kWh/m2/day) x 365. Treat as an approximation.",
   "monthly_output_profile_6_6kw_kwh": [
    1349,
    1029,
    871,
    551,
    382,
    281,
    328,
    478,
    692,
    995,
    1171,
    1360
   ],
   "annual_output_6_6kw_kwh": 9488,
   "lifetime_25yr_kwh_per_kw": 33863,
   "source_urls": [
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml",
    "https://reg.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_091237_All.shtml",
    "https://www.nillumbik.vic.gov.au/files/assets/public/environment/green-living/solar-pv-consumer-guide.pdf",
    "https://solarcalculator.com.au/solar-panel-output/",
    "http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/cw_094029_All.shtml"
   ],
   "date_checked": "2026-10-27"
  }
 }
}